Mvetsetsani kusiyana pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana a SSD Chips a NAND Flash SLC, MLC, TLC, QLC

Dzina lonse la NAND Flash ndi Flash Memory, yomwe ili muchchipangizo chokumbukira chosasinthika (Non-volatile Memory Chipangizo).Zimatengera kapangidwe ka zipata zoyandama za transistor, ndipo zolipiritsa zimakhomeredwa kudzera pachipata choyandama.Popeza chipata choyandama chili chodzipatula pamagetsi, kotero ma Electron omwe amafika pachipata amatsekeredwa ngakhale mphamvu itachotsedwa.Ichi ndiye chifukwa cha kung'anima kosasunthika.Deta imasungidwa muzipangizo zoterezi ndipo sizidzatayika ngakhale mphamvu itazimitsidwa.
Malinga ndi nanotechnology yosiyana, NAND Flash idasintha kuchokera ku SLC kupita ku MLC, kenako kupita ku TLC, ndikulowera ku QLC.NAND Flash imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku eMMC/eMCP, U disk, SSD, galimoto, intaneti ya Zinthu ndi magawo ena chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso liwiro lolemba mwachangu.

SLC (dzina lathunthu lachingerezi (Cell-Level Cell - SLC) ndi malo osungira amodzi
Makhalidwe aukadaulo wa SLC ndikuti filimu ya okusayidi pakati pa chipata choyandama ndi gwero ndi yocheperako.Polemba deta, mtengo wosungidwa ukhoza kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi pamagetsi a chipata choyandama ndikudutsa gwero., ndiko kuti, kusintha kwa magetsi awiri okha a 0 ndi 1 akhoza kusunga 1 chidziwitso cha chidziwitso, ndiko kuti, 1 bit / cell, yomwe imadziwika ndi liwiro lachangu, moyo wautali ndi ntchito zamphamvu.Choyipa ndichakuti mphamvu zake ndizochepa komanso mtengo wake ndi wokwera.

MLC (dzina lachingerezi la Multi-Level Cell - MLC) ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zambiri
Intel (Intel) idapanga bwino MLC mu Seputembala 1997. Ntchito yake ndikusunga magawo awiri a chidziwitso mu Chipata Choyandama (gawo lomwe ndalamazo zimasungidwa mu cell memory memory), ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito chiwongolero cha kuthekera kosiyanasiyana (Level ), Kuwerenga ndi kulemba molondola kudzera mu mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imasungidwa kukumbukira.
Ndiko kuti, 2bit/cell, cell unit iliyonse imasunga zidziwitso za 2bit, imafunikira kuwongolera voteji zovuta, pali zosintha zinayi za 00, 01, 10, 11, liwiro nthawi zambiri, moyo ndi avareji, mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi, pafupifupi. 3000-10000 nthawi zofufutira ndi kulemba moyo.MLC imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito giredi yayikulu yamagetsi, selo lililonse limasunga magawo awiri a data, ndipo kachulukidwe ka data ndi kachulukidwe, ndipo amatha kusunga zinthu zopitilira 4 nthawi imodzi.Chifukwa chake, zomangamanga za MLC zitha kukhala ndi kachulukidwe kosungirako bwinoko.

TLC (Chingerezi dzina lonse la Trinary-Level Cell) ndi malo osungiramo magawo atatu
TLC ndi 3bit pa selo.Selo iliyonse imasunga zambiri za 3bit, zomwe zimatha kusunga 1/2 zambiri kuposa MLC.Pali mitundu 8 ya kusintha kwamagetsi kuchokera ku 000 mpaka 001, ndiko kuti, 3bit/cell.Palinso opanga Flash otchedwa 8LC.Nthawi yofikira yofunikira yotalikirapo, kotero liwiro lotengerako limakhala locheperako.
Ubwino wa TLC ndikuti mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo, mtengo wopanga pa megabyte ndiotsika kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo, koma moyo ndi waufupi, pafupifupi 1000-3000 kufufuta ndikulembanso moyo, koma ma TLC oyesedwa kwambiri a SSD amatha. kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kwa zaka zopitilira 5.

QLC (dzina lachingerezi la Quadruple-Level Cell) yokhala ndi magawo anayi
QLC imathanso kutchedwa 4bit MLC, gawo losungiramo magawo anayi, ndiye kuti, 4bits/cell.Pali zosintha 16 zamagetsi, koma mphamvu zitha kuonjezedwa ndi 33%, ndiye kuti, kulemba ndi kufufuta moyo kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi TLC.Pakuyesa kwapadera kwa magwiridwe antchito, Magnesium adayesa.Pankhani ya liwiro la kuwerenga, mawonekedwe onse a SATA amatha kufikira 540MB/S.QLC imachita moyipa kwambiri polemba liwiro, chifukwa nthawi yake ya P / E ndi yayitali kuposa MLC ndi TLC, liwiro limachepera, komanso liwiro lolemba mosalekeza ndi Kuchokera ku 520MB / s mpaka 360MB / s, magwiridwe antchito adatsika kuchokera ku 9500 IOPS kupita ku 5000. IOPS, kutayika pafupifupi theka.

PS: Zambiri zomwe zimasungidwa mugawo lililonse la Cell, zimakweza mphamvu pagawo lililonse, koma nthawi yomweyo, zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa madera osiyanasiyana amagetsi, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzilamulira, kotero kukhazikika kwa chipangizo cha NAND Flash. kumakhala koipitsitsa, ndipo moyo wautumiki umakhala wamfupi, aliyense ali ndi ubwino wake ndi zovuta zake.

(NAND Flash kuwerenga ndi kulemba moyo ndi zongotchula)
Sizovuta kuwona kuti machitidwe a mitundu inayi ya NAND flash memory ndi yosiyana.Mtengo pa unit mphamvu ya SLC ndi yokwera kuposa ya mitundu ina ya NAND flash memory particles, koma nthawi yake yosungira deta ndi yaitali ndipo liwiro lowerenga liri mofulumira;QLC ili ndi mphamvu zokulirapo komanso zotsika mtengo, koma chifukwa cha kudalirika kwake kochepa komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali Zofooka ndi zofooka zina ziyenera kupititsidwa patsogolo.

Pakuwona mtengo wakupanga, kuwerenga ndi kulemba liwiro ndi moyo wautumiki, kusanja kwamagulu anayiwa ndi:
SLC> MLC> TLC> QLC;
Mayankho omwe alipo pano ndi MLC ndi TLC.SLC imayang'ana kwambiri ntchito zankhondo ndi zamabizinesi, zolemba zothamanga kwambiri, zolakwitsa zochepa, komanso kulimba kwanthawi yayitali.MLC imayang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kalasi ya ogula, mphamvu yake ndi yokwera 2 kuposa SLC, yotsika mtengo, yoyenera ma drive a USB flash, mafoni am'manja, makamera a digito ndi makhadi ena okumbukira, ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pa SSD yamasiku ano. .

Memory ya NAND flash imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mawonekedwe a 2D ndi mawonekedwe a 3D molingana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.Ma transistors a zipata zoyandama amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa 2D FLASH, pomwe 3D flash imagwiritsa ntchito ma transistors a CT ndi chipata choyandama.Ndi semiconductor, CT ndi insulator, awiriwa ndi osiyana mu chikhalidwe ndi mfundo.Kusiyana kwake ndi:

2D kapangidwe ka NAND Flash
Mapangidwe a 2D a ma cell amakumbukiro amangokonzedwa mu ndege ya XY ya chip, kotero njira yokhayo yopezera kachulukidwe kake kameneka pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa 2D flash ndikuchepetsa njira.
Choyipa chake ndichakuti zolakwika mu NAND flash zimakhala pafupipafupi pama node ang'onoang'ono;kuonjezera apo, pali malire ang'onoang'ono ndondomeko mfundo zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo kachulukidwe yosungirako si mkulu.

3D kapangidwe ka NAND Flash
Kuti achulukitse kachulukidwe kosungirako, opanga apanga ukadaulo wa 3D NAND kapena V-NAND (vertical NAND), womwe umasunga ma cell a kukumbukira mu Z-ndege pa chowotcha chomwechi.

Mu 3D NAND flash, ma cell amakumbukiro amalumikizidwa ngati zingwe zoyima m'malo mwa zingwe zopingasa mu 2D NAND, ndipo kumanga motere kumathandiza kukwaniritsa kachulukidwe kakang'ono kagawo kakang'ono ka chip.Zoyamba za 3D Flash zinali ndi zigawo 24.